Dmytryshyn,ImperialRussia,251.恰达耶夫的评论因一针见血而广为流传，尽管当局马上查封此文，宣布作者有神经病，并把他置于警察监视之下。

19.MikhailNikiforovichKatkov,May24,1882,editorialinMoskovskievedomosti(MoscowNews),asexcerptedinVerdansky,ASourceBookforRussianHistory,3:676.

20.Figes,NatashasDance,150.

21.Lincoln,TheRomanovs,404ndash;5.

22.Ibid.,405.

23.WilhelmSchwarz,DieHeiligeAllianz(Stuttgart,1935),52.

24.指1954年联邦德国决定加入大西洋联盟。它曾与今天新结成的伙伴打了一场残酷的战争，联邦德国做出的这一决定距它在战争结束时宣布无条件投降还不到10年。

25.KlemensvonMetternich,AusMetternichsnachgelassenenPapieren,ed.Alfonsv.Klinkowstroem(Vienna,1881),1:316.

26.Palmerstonsdispatchno.6totheMarquessofClanricarde(ambassadorinSt.Petersburg),January11,1841,inTheForeignPolicyofVictorianEngland,ed.KennethBourne(Oxford:ClarendonPress,1970),252ndash;53.

27.SeeIsaiahBerlin,VicoandHerder:TwoStudiesintheHistoryofIdeas(NewYork:Viking,1976),158,204.

28.JacquesBarzun,FromDawntoDecadence:500YearsofWesternCulturalLife(NewYork:Perennial,2000),482.

29.SirLewisNamier,VanishedSupremacies:EssaysonEuropeanHistory,1812ndash;1918(NewYork:PenguinBooks,1958),203.

30.OttovonBismarck,DiegesammeltenWerke,3rded.(Berlin,1924),1:375.

31.Thebattlewasmemorializedinclassicliteratureonbothsides,includingAlfredTennysonsChargeoftheLightBrigadeandLeoTolstoysTalesofSevastopol.SeeNicholasV.Riasanovsky,AHistoryofRussia(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2000),336ndash;39.

32.AllgemeinedeutscheBiographie33(Leipzig:Dunckeramp;Humblot,1891),266.Metternichleftofficein1848.

33.HeinrichSbrik,Metternich,derStaatsmannundderMensch,2vols.(Munich,1925),1:354,ascitedinHenryA.Kissinger,TheConservativeDilemma:ReflectionsonthePoliticalThoughtofMetternich,AmericanPoliticalScienceReview48,no.4(December1954):1027.

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