27.SeeRogerBoesche,TheFirstGreatPoliticalRealist:KautilyaandHisArthashastra(Lanham,Md.:LexingtonBooks,2002),46;Kautilya,Arthashastra,7.13.43,7.2.16,9.1.1ndash;16,pp.526,538,588ndash;89.

28.按照考底利耶的观念，征服四海的统治者的王国是北起喜马拉雅山，南至大海，自东到西1000由旬（yojana，古印度长度单位，约相当于11.2公里）的地方;等于现代的巴基斯坦、印度和孟加拉国的领土之和。Kautilya,Arthashastra,9.1.17,p.589.

29.SeeBoesche,FirstGreatPoliticalRealist,38ndash;42,51ndash;54,88ndash;89.

30.MaxWeber,PoliticsasaVocation,asquotedinibid.,7.

31.当时，阿育王因宣扬佛教和非暴力而受到崇敬，但他完成了征服大业之后才采纳了这些理念，用它们来加强他的统治。

32.RobertKaplan,TheRevengeofGeography:WhattheMapTellsUsAboutComingConflictsandtheBattleAgainstFate(NewYork:RandomHouse,2012),237.

33.JohnRobertSeeley,TheExpansionofEngland:TwoCoursesofLectures(London:Macmillan,1891),8.

34.SirJohnStrachey,India(London:Kegan,Paul,Trench,1888),asquotedinRamachandraGuha,IndiaAfterGandhi:TheHistoryoftheWorldsLargestDemocracy(NewYork:Ecco,2007),3.

35.JawaharlalNehru,IndiasForeignPolicy(speechdeliveredattheConstituentAssembly,NewDelhi,December4,1947),inIndependenceandAfter:ACollectionofSpeeches,1946ndash;1949(NewYork:JohnDay,1950),204ndash;5.

36.AsquotedinBaldevRajNayarandT.V.Paul,IndiaintheWorldOrder:SearchingforMajor-PowerStatus(NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,2003),124ndash;25.

37.Asquotedinibid.,125.

38.JawaharlalNehru,SpeechtotheBandungConferencePoliticalCommittee(1955),asprintedinG.M.Kahin,TheAsian-AfricanConference(Ithaca,N.Y.:CornellUniversityPress,1956),70.

39.Agreement(withExchangeofNotes)onTradeandIntercourseBetweenTibetRegionofChinaandIndia,SignedatPeking,on29April1954,UnitedNationsTreatySeries,vol.299(1958),70.

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